Effect of the Number and Distribution of Circular Holes on the Damage and Fracture of Limestone Using PFC2D

The common occurrence of various number and distribution hole flaws complicates the mechanical behavior fracture mode rock masses that contain them. This study develops seven numerical models limestone samples with different numbers distributions circular using 2-D particle flow discrete element code (PFC2D) to investigate their impact on properties while maintaining same area. In addition, it analyzes effect these factors mesomechanical features each model, including characteristic stress values (peak stress, crack initiation, damage stress), evolution, displacement field. results showed peak single-hole model are between those multihole models. As arrangement dip angle increases, exhibit a V-shaped change. largest when holes vertically aligned. Model differences in development path, shape, number, as well concentration area failure mode, primarily due holes. arranged at approximately 45°, greater defects, more likely is fail. study’s findings can provide support reference for research system deformation mass flaws.